The fatigue behaviour of concrete is strongly dependent on various influencing factors. The influence of different concrete composition on the fatigue behaviour of high-strength concrete has not yet been sufficiently investigated. In addition, most research was concerned with the effect on the number of cycles to failure without including detailed damage indicators which describe the changes in the microstructure. Within a scope of a conjoint research project the fatigue behaviour of a high-strength concrete under compressive loading is investigated focused on the influence of concrete composition. In this paper, selected results and analyses concerning the fatigue behaviour of project’s reference composition of the high-strength concrete are presented. Thereby, especially the combined analysis of different damage indicators is the main focus of this paper. For the numerical representation of the structural changes, a first modelling approach is presented.