Energy Efficiency Aspects of the AMD Zen 2 Architecture

Publikation: Beitrag zu KonferenzenPaperBeigetragenBegutachtung

Abstract

In High Performance Computing, systems are evaluated based on their computational throughput. However, performance in contemporary server processors is primarily limited by power and thermal constraints. Ensuring operation within a given power envelope requires a wide range of sophisticated control mechanisms. While some of these are handled transparently by hardware control loops, others are controlled by the operating system. A lack of publicly disclosed implementation details further complicates this topic. However, understanding these mechanisms is a prerequisite for any effort to exploit the full computing capability and to minimize the energy consumption of today’s server systems. This paper highlights the various energy efficiency aspects of the AMD Zen 2 microarchitecture to facilitate system understanding and optimization. Key findings include qualitative and quantitative descriptions regarding core frequency transition delays, workload-based frequency limitations, effects of I/O die P-states on memory performance as well as discussion on the built-in power monitoring capabilities and its limitations. Moreover, we present specifics and caveats of idle states, wakeup times as well as the impact of idling and inactive hardware threads and cores on the performance of active resources such as other cores.

Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten562-571
Seitenumfang10
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 2021
Peer-Review-StatusJa

Externe IDs

Scopus 85113603607
ORCID /0000-0002-8491-770X/work/141543287
ORCID /0000-0002-2730-0308/work/142245958
ORCID /0009-0003-0666-4166/work/151475584
ORCID /0000-0002-5437-3887/work/154740506

Schlagworte

Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung

Schlagwörter

  • AMD Zen 2, energy efficiency, AMD, C-State, DVFS, Energy efficiency, Epyc Rome, Performance, Power saving, RAPL, Zen 2