Scientific Forest Management (ScFM) is gaining scholarly and policy attention in Nepal. This interest validates the need for evidence on the costs and benefits for users in scientifically-managed community forests. This paper analyzes the costs incurred and the benefits that accrue to users under ScFM. Data was generated through a survey of 200 household representatives in the Nawalparasi Bardaghat-Susta East District of Nepal. This was complemented by two focus group discussions with forestry officials and forest users, and document reviews. Multiple linear regression analyses and student t-tests were used for data analyses. The results indicate a decrease in the costs incurred by users after the implementation of ScFM, and a threefold increase in the derived benefits. Overall, forest products account for 80% of the benefits derived by users under ScFM, with high class users contributing more than middle and low class ones. While this study provides useful insights on users' costs and benefits under ScFM, it underscores the need for further studies to analyze changes in users' costs, in the face of potential changes in their roles.