We present details on a new measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, aμ=(gμ-2)/2. The result is based on positive muon data taken at Fermilab's Muon Campus during the 2019 and 2020 accelerator runs. The measurement uses 3.1 GeV/c polarized muons stored in a 7.1-m-radius storage ring with a 1.45 T uniform magnetic field. The value of aμ is determined from the measured difference between the muon spin precession frequency and its cyclotron frequency. This difference is normalized to the strength of the magnetic field, measured using nuclear magnetic resonance. The ratio is then corrected for small contributions from beam motion, beam dispersion, and transient magnetic fields. We measure aμ=116592057(25)×10-11 (0.21 ppm). This is the world's most precise measurement of this quantity and represents a factor of 2.2 improvement over our previous result based on the 2018 dataset. In combination, the two datasets yield aμ(FNAL)=116592055(24)×10-11 (0.20 ppm). Combining this with the measurements from Brookhaven National Laboratory for both positive and negative muons, the new world average is aμ(exp)=116592059(22)×10-11 (0.19 ppm).