Fine-grained high-strength concrete has already been tested extensively regarding its uniaxial strength. However, there is a lack of research on the multiaxial performance. In this contribution, some biaxial tests are investigated in order to compare the multiaxial load-bearing behaviour of fine-grained concretes with that of high-strength concretes with normal aggregate from the literature. The comparison pertains to the general biaxial load-bearing behaviour of concrete, the applicability of already existing fracture criteria and the extrapolation for the numerical investigation. This provides an insight into the applicability of existing data for the material characterisation of this fine-grained concrete and, in particular, to compensate for the lack of investigations on fine-grained concretes in general. It is shown, that the calibration of material models for fine-grained concretes based on literature results or normal-grained concrete with similar strength capacity is possible, as long as the uniaxial strength values and the modulus of elasticity are known. For the numerical simulation, a Microplane Drucker–Prager cap plasticity model is introduced and fitted in the first step to the biaxial compression tests. The model parameters are set into relation with the macroscopic quantities, gained from the observable behaviour of the concrete under uniaxial and biaxial compressive loading. It is shown that the model is able to capture the yielding and hardening effects of fine-grained high-strength concrete in different directions.