The textile and fashion industry is characterized by complex structures, multiple actors and globally interlinked supply chains. Increasing competitive pressures associated with the fast fashion business model has led to unsustainable practices along the supply chains resulting in negative ecological and social impacts. In recent years, pressure has been mounting on the industry, specifically on retailers and clothing brands, to address these issues. Consequently, sustainable procurement practices have gained importance in addressing these sustainability issues and buyers at multinational retailers are now not only taking price, delivery time and quality into account but are also increasingly required to consider social and environmental aspects in their decision-making. In this section, we provide an overview of traditional, as well as sustainable buying practices in the textile and garment industry, as well as delineating suggestions on which additional elements to consider, calling for a more comprehensive approach to sustainable procurement in the textile industry.