We report the synthesis of nanostructured stimuli-responsive polymer brushes using atom transfer radical polymerisation initiated on protein filaments of the cytoskeleton. In particular, we used microtubules and prepared thermoresponsive poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes with incorporated fluorescent groups. The use of microtubules as templates for fabrication of "soft" polymeric nanostructures on surfaces opens new possibilities for the design of functional materials.