Aim: Subjective heat perception is influenced by several factors, including both individual and environmental characteristics. Previous studies have mainly focused on factors within the home environment. This study investigates the extent to which both personal and environmental factors in residential areas influence the subjective perception of heat stress and the predictive scenarios that may arise under changing conditions. This study is needed to help derive targeted measures at the local level. Subject and methods: The data are based on a survey conducted in Dresden in 2017. Residents were asked about climate change in six focus areas. From these data, socio-demographic information and the respective distance to the nearest green space were obtained. In addition, mapping data from the Dresden City Urban Planning Office and Environmental Office were used to document the characteristics of the focus areas. Regression analysis was carried out to investigate how these variables influence subjective heat stress. Results: Individual characteristics such as age and health status were found to have the strongest influence on the perception of heat stress. Urban development measures such as upgrading building classes and increasing green spaces and public parks significantly reduced subjective heat stress. Changes in socio-demographic variables had an even stronger effect on reducing heat stress than changes in urban design. Conclusion: In the face of increasing heat events, precautions must be taken to protect socially and demographically disadvantaged populations, in particular vulnerable groups. Protecting these vulnerable groups requires integrated approaches that address economic, social and environmental issues.